This review of research was conducted in a systematic manner to determine the cognitive linguistic and social effects of children birth through six years old post traumatic brain injury (TBI). A detailed electronic search of literature published between the year 2000 and present day was completed to identify relevant and pertinent studies published in peer-reviewed journals. All studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed, appraised for quality and categorized according to level of evidence. A total of four studies met all of the inclusion criteria which involved 218 children under the age of seven who had sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 74 controlled peers and the TBI effects on both cognition and social skills. The studies all had limitations; several were not conducted in the United States. This review determined that TBI before the age of seven can be devastating and have effects on cognition and social skills later in life. Further research is needed in this area of research and is limited at this time.