Identifying the salient perceptual features of a patient's speech is necessary to make a decision about the diagnosis of a neurologic speech disorder. This information is important to the development of a treatment plan and may be used to infer lesion localization or possible medical diagnosis. While the assessment of auditory perceptual characteristics is the most common method of diagnosing motor speech disorders, there are issues with interjudge reliability due to limited training. Moreover, there are instances when it is difficult to differentiate a speech versus language disorder. The purpose of this session is to review the perceptual characteristics of the different types of dysarthria and apraxia of speech and challenges to differential diagnosis.